英語十六種時態(tài)總結歸納
總結就是把一個時段的學習、工作或其完成情況進行一次全面系統(tǒng)的總結，它能夠使頭腦更加清醒，目標更加明確，讓我們抽出時間寫寫總結吧。那么總結應該包括什么內容呢？以下是小編為大家收集的英語十六種時態(tài)總結歸納，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
英語共有十六種時態(tài)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下(以study為例)
一般時進行時完成時完成進行時
現(xiàn)在study be studyinghave studied have been studying
過去studied be studyinghad studied had been studying
將來will study will be studying will have studied will have been studying
過去將來would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying
時態(tài)（Tense）是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此，當我們說時態(tài)結構的時候，指的是相應時態(tài)下的動詞形式。
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
英語時態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時，以及這四者的進行時、完成時和完成進行時。
用法：A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。
B)習慣用語。
C)經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作。
例：He always helps others.（他總是幫助別人。）
D)客觀事實和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時，則無法保持主句、從句時態(tài)一致。
E)表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，（僅限于某些表示“來、去、動、停、開始、結束、繼續(xù)”等的動詞）可以與表示未來時間的狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是：飛機、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點運行的交通方式。
例：The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.
�。ㄏ乱惶嘶疖嚱裉煜挛�3點開車。）
How often does this shuttle bus run（這班車多久一趟？）
F)在時間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在（有時也用現(xiàn)在完成時）表示將來事情。
例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成這份報告的時候，我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個小時了。）
2.現(xiàn)在進行時(be doing)
用法：現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(have done)
用法：A)表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。
例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
A) didnt sellB) soldC) havent soldD) would sell
答案是C) havent sold。
B)表示從過去某時刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況，并且有可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點，或for加一段時間，或by加一個現(xiàn)在時間。
例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today andare being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A) are to challenge C) have been challenged
B) may be challenged D) are challenging
全句的意思是：“雖然牛頓是個偉大的人物，但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn)，并且被現(xiàn)代科學家的工作所修正�！眂hallenge是及物動詞，在本句中應當是被動語態(tài)；其動作延續(xù)到今天，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。可見答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主動語態(tài)，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged雖然是被動語態(tài)，但意思與全句內容不合，所以不對。
C)表示發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點動詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例：John has broken his left leg.（約翰摔斷了左腿。）
注意事項：A)現(xiàn)在完成時是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶�，F(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時強調動作的動態(tài)，或受動態(tài)的影響，是動態(tài)的結果，對現(xiàn)在有影響；過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。
例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個過去的事實，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。）
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作，一直工作到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。）
B)因為含有for加一段時間或since加一個時間點這樣的時間狀語的完成時，有動態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點，所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。
例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）
My sister has married. Dont disturb her.（終端動詞）
C)在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成時。
例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會。）
D)句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的兩種時態(tài)都正確。
例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。）
E)在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成時。
例：I havent met that professor prior to today.（以前我從未見過那位教授。）4.現(xiàn)在完成進行時(have been doing)
用法：表示某一動作開始于過去某一時間，延續(xù)或重復地出現(xiàn)至今，或將繼續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。
例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個項目，已經(jīng)花了一個多月時間了。）
注意事項：與現(xiàn)在完成時相比，現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調：在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時間里，動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復出現(xiàn)。
例：It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A) had leaked B) is leaking
C) leakedD) has been leaking
從本題上下文看，這兩個句子的意思是：“看來，這個管道漏油已有一段時間了，我們將不得不拆卸機器排除故障。”第二句表示將要采取的措施。第一句動作發(fā)生在第二句之前，并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此，空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時。D) has been leaking是現(xiàn)在完成進行時，因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B) is leaking。由于本句有時間狀語for some time，表示謂語動作延續(xù)，謂語不能用現(xiàn)在進行時，必須用和完成時有關的時態(tài)。有些考生誤選了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因為他們沒有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時，所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時或過去完成時。
5.一般過去時
用法：A)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。
B)表示過去習慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達的句型，本身表示的就是過去時。例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數(shù)個小時，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。）
He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。）
C)有時可代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表達一種婉轉、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。
例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car（我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎？）
Would you mind my sitting here(您介意我坐在這里嗎)
注意事項：A)注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因為這樣的時間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關系，應該用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時。
一、一般現(xiàn)在時
1.概念：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況；有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況；總是發(fā)生的；和事實真理。
2.時間狀語：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month），once a week(day, year, month），on Sundays（on Mondays）
3.基本結構：動詞原形（如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）
4.否定形式：主語+ am/is/are + no t +其他；此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加dont，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。
6.例句：It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。
He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于幫助別人。
Action speaks louder than words.事實勝于雄辯。
二、一般過去時
1.概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構：主語+動詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞
4.否定形式：主語+ was/were + not +其他；在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同時還原行為動詞。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們。
I didnt know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙。
三、一般將來時
1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。
2.時間狀語：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year），soon, in a few minutes, by，the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構：主語+ am/is/are + going to + do +其它；主語+ will/shall + do +其它
4.否定形式：主語+ am/is/are not going to do；主語+ will/shall not do +其它
5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大寫}
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
四、一般過去將來時
1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語：The next day (morning , year），the following month(week），etc.1
3.基本結構：主語+ was/were + going to + do +其它；主語+ would/should + do +其它
4.否定形式：主語+ was/were + not + going to + do;主語+ would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。
I asked who was going there.我問，誰要去那里。
五、現(xiàn)在進行時
1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語：Now, at this time, days, etc. look, listen
3.基本結構：主語+ be + doing +其它
4.否定形式：主語+ be + not +doing +其它
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。
6.例句：How are you feeling today你今天感覺如何？
He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。
六、過去進行時
1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構主語+was/were +doing +其它
4.否定形式：主語+was/were + not +doing+其它
5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。（第一個字母大寫）
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段時間她在人民解放軍部隊工作。 When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他進來時，我正在讀報紙。
七、將來進行時
1.概念：表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時間開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動作。常用來表示詢問、請求等。
2.時間狀語：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening
3.基本結構：主語+ shall/will + be +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它
4.否定形式：主語+ shall/will + not + be +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它
5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個時間，他們正坐在電影院。
He won’t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會了。
八、過去將來進行時
1.概念：表示就過去某一時間而言，將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作，主要用于賓語從句中，尤其多用于間接引語中。
2.基本結構：should/would + be +現(xiàn)在分詞
3.例句：They said they would be coming.他們說了他們將要來。
He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他說他不能來因為要開會。
九、現(xiàn)在完成時
1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
2.時間狀語：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since +時間點，for +時間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構：主語+ have/has + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
4.否定形式：主語+ have/has + not + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
5.一般疑問句：have或has放句首。
6.例句：Ive written an article.我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文。
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在過去的幾年，農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
十、過去完成時
1.概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
2.時間狀語：Before, by the end of last year (term, month），etc.
3.基本結構：主語+ had + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
4.否定形式：主語+ had + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其它
5.一般疑問句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當我們到車站的時候，火車已經(jīng)開走了。
By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上個月底，我們已經(jīng)復習了四本書�；窘Y構：主語+ had + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
�、倏隙ň洌褐髡Z+ had + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
②否定句：主語+ had + not + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
�、垡话阋蓡柧洌篐ad +主語+ p.p（過去分詞）+其它
�、芴厥庖蓡柧洌禾厥庖蓡栐~+一般疑問句
十一、將來完成時
1.概念：在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)
2.時間狀語：by the time of; by the end of +時間短語（將來）；by the time +從句（將來）
3.基本結構：主語+ be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
4.例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回來的時候，就將發(fā)生巨大的變化。
十二、過去將來完成時
1.概念：表示在過去某一時間對將來某一時刻以前所會發(fā)生的動作，常用在虛擬語氣中，表示與過去的事實相反。
2.基本結構：should/would have done sth.
3.例句：I thought youd have left by this time.我想這會兒你已經(jīng)走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 oclock.他告訴他們他會在8點以前干完。
十三、現(xiàn)在完成進行時
1.概念：表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始，也可能仍在繼續(xù)，并可能延續(xù)到將來。
2.基本結構：主語+ have/has + been + doing +其它
3.時間狀語：since +時間點，for +時間段等。
4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已經(jīng)在這里坐了一個小時。
The children have been watching TV since six oclock.從6點起，孩子們一直看電視。
十四、過去完成進行時
1.概念：表示某個正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)，持續(xù)到過去某個時刻，還未完成，一直持續(xù)到之后的當前才結束。
2.基本結構：主語+ had + been + doing +其它
3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧？
4.特殊含義：
�、偕形赐瓿桑篐e had been writing the novel.他已經(jīng)在寫小說了。（他沒寫完）
�、谄髨D：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經(jīng)學習過這個諺語。（他曾努力學習過它）
③未得結果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力于敵人所說的。（但是我們沒有理解）
�、茏罱闆r：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。（最近）
�、莘磸蛣幼鳎篐e had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。（屢次）
�、耷榫w：What had he been doing？他做了什么？（不耐煩）
十五、將來完成進行時
1.概念：表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時間。是否繼續(xù)下去，要視上下文而定。
2.基本結構：shall/will have been doing
3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我將在這個工廠工作20年了。
If we dont hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱們如不快一點兒，等我們到了那兒，店門就會關了。
十六、過去將來完成進行時
1.概念：表示從過去某時看至未來某時以前會一直在進行的動作。
2.基本結構：should/would + have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞
3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告訴我，到年底時，他就在那住了30年了。
主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)
一、被動語態(tài)的用法：
1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構成：is / am / are +及物動詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned every day.我們教室每天都被打掃。
I am asked to study hard.我被告知要努力學習。
Knives are used for cutting things.刀是用來切東西的。
2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構成：was / were +及物動詞的過去分詞
A new shop was built last year.去年修了一座新商店。
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.恐龍蛋被放置了很久很久。
3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構成：will+ be +及物動詞的過去分詞
A new hospital will be built in our city.我們城市將要修建一家新醫(yī)院。
Many more trees will be planted next year.明年會種更多的樹。
4.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)構成：am / is / are + being +及物動詞的過去分詞
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.王叔叔正在修理我的自行車。
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.他們在那里種植的樹木。
5.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構成：has / have + been +及物動詞的過去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages.這本書被翻譯成多種文字。
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.在許多國家有許多人造衛(wèi)星被送上了太空。
6.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)構成：was/were + being +及物動詞的過去分詞
The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.當他的父母趕到醫(yī)院的時候這個男孩正在做手術。
The new road was being made.這條新路正在修筑。
7.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)構成：had + been +及物動詞的過去分詞
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.在老師來之前，教室尚未打掃。The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在門票被銷售一空前我趕到了電影院。
8.將來完成時的被動語態(tài)構成：shall/will + have done
They will have been married for 20 years by then.屆時，他們結婚將滿20周年。
The project will have been completed before May.該項目將在五月前完成。
9.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構成：情態(tài)動詞+ be +及物動詞的過去分詞
Young trees must be watered often.小樹需要經(jīng)常澆水。
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.你應該現(xiàn)在就改正你的錯誤。
The door may be locked inside.這扇門可以反鎖。
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.你的家庭作業(yè)可以明天交。
1、一般現(xiàn)在時:
概念:常常、反復發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
時間狀語:Always(總是), usually(通常), often(常常), sometimes(有時分), every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays ,etc.
基本結構:
當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時
肯定句主語+動詞單三+其他
否定句主語+doesn"t+動詞原形+其他
一般疑答句Does+主語+動詞原形+其他
肯定回答Yes，主語+does
否定回答No，主語+doesn"t
當主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時
肯定句主語+動詞原形+其他
否定句主語+don"t+動詞原形+其他
一般疑答句Do+主語+動詞原形+其他
例句:
I never get up early on Sundays.
特殊疑答句特殊疑答詞(when,where,who,how ,etc.)+一般疑答句
2、一般過去時:
概念:過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或形態(tài);過去習慣性、常常性的動作、行為。
時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本結構:
主語+動詞過去式+其他
否定形式did+not+do+其他;
一般疑答句did+主語+do+其他?
例句:
I went to Italy .I visited museums and sat in public gardens
3、現(xiàn)在進行時:
概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
時間狀語:now, at this time(在這一刻), these days, etc.
基本結構:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑答句:把be動詞放于句首。
4、過去進行時:
概念: (1)表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。
(2)表示一個動作正在進行時，另一個動作突然發(fā)生了。
時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time(在那一刻)或以when、while引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
基本結構:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑答句:把was或were放于句首。
While與when
(1)用while連接(while只接doing)
例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持續(xù)動作時態(tài)一致)
(2)when表示(when可以接doing或did，when后動作時間長，用doing，時間短，用did)
例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(間接表達了具體時間)
例句:
I was having breakfast when the telephone rang
5、現(xiàn)在完成時:
概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或后果，或從過去已經(jīng)啟始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或形態(tài)。
時間狀語:recently, lately, since(自從)…,for(長達)…,in the past few years, etc.
基本結構:
主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
�、倏隙ň�:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他.
②否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.
�、垡话阋纱鹁�:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.
�、芴厥庖纱鹁�:特殊疑答詞或詞組+一般疑答句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他)?
例句:
I have just received a letter from my brother.
6、過去完成時:
概念:以過去某個時間為標準，在彼以后發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之后完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
時間狀語: after，when, as soon as(一...就...), until, before,by the end of(到…為止) last year(term, month…),etc.
基本結構:主語+had+過去分詞(done)
�、倏隙ň�:主語+had+過去分詞+其他.
�、诜穸ň�:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他.
�、垡话阋纱鹁�:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主語+had.
否定回答:No,主語+had not .
例句:
The children ran away after they had broken the window.
As soon as the sun had set we returned to our hotel.
I had not understood the problem until he explained it .
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
定義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作、存在的狀態(tài)或習慣性的動作。構成：肯定形式：主語+be動詞（am/is/are）+其他
否定形式：主語+be動詞（am/is/are）+not+其他
一般疑問句：把be動詞置于句首
2.一般過去時
定義：過去某個特定時間發(fā)生，也可以表示過去習慣性的動作。一般過去時不強調動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。構成：肯定形式：主語+be動詞（was/were）+其他
否定形式：主語+be動詞（was/were）+not+其他
一般疑問句：把be動詞置于句首，并還原行為動詞
3.一般將來時
定義：表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，或將來某一段時間內經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)。構成：肯定形式：主語+shall/will+動詞原形+其他
否定形式：主語+shall/will+not+動詞原形+其他
一般疑問句：把助動詞shall/will放在句首
4.現(xiàn)在進行時
定義：表示現(xiàn)在或當前一般時間正在進行的動作�？梢员硎居杏媱澋奈磥怼嫵桑嚎隙ㄐ问剑褐髡Z+be動詞（am/is/are）+動詞的-ing形式+其他
否定形式：主語+be動詞（am/is/are）+not+動詞的-ing形式+其他
一般疑問句：把be動詞置于句首
5.過去進行時
定義：示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內進行或發(fā)生的動作。構成：肯定形式：主語+be動詞（was/were）+動詞的-ing形式+其他
否定形式：主語+be動詞（was/were）+not+動詞的-ing形式+其他
一般疑問句：把was/were置于句首
6.現(xiàn)在完成時
定義：表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，并對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響和后果；另外，還表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去。構成：肯定形式：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其他
否定形式：主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞+其他
一般疑問句：把have/has置于句首
7.過去完成時
定義：表示到過去某個時間已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，概括地說是表示“過去的過去”。構成：肯定形式：主語+had+動詞的過去分詞+其他
否定形式：主語+had+not+動詞的過去分詞+其他
一般疑問句：把had置于句
十六種時態(tài)：
一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，一般過去將來時;
現(xiàn)在進行時，過去進行時，將來進行時，過去將來進行時;
現(xiàn)在完成時，過去完成時，將來完成時，過去將來完成時;
現(xiàn)在完成進行時，過去完成進行時，將來完成進行時，過去將來完成進行時.
一、一般現(xiàn)在時:take形式為原形
例子：It take sme five years to finish the painting。
這幅畫花了我十年功夫
1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),once a week,on Sundays,
3.基本結構：動詞原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)
二、一般過去時：take形式為took.
1.概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài);過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month…),in1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once up on a time,etc.
3.基本結構：be動詞;行為動詞的過去式
三、現(xiàn)在進行時:take形式為am/is/are taking
1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語：now,at this time,these days,etc.
3.基本結構：am/is/are+doing
四、過去進行時：take形式為was/were+taking
1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構：was/were+doing
五、現(xiàn)在完成時：take形式為have/has+taken
1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
2.時間狀語：recently,lately,since…for…,in the past few years,etc.
3.基本結構：have/has+done
六、過去完成時：take形式為had+taken
1.概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
2.時間狀語：before,by theendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.
3.基本結構：had+done.
七、一般將來時：take形式為：am/is/are/goingto+take;will/shall+take
1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。
2.時間狀語：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.
3.基本結構：am/is/are/goingto+do;will/shall+do.
八、過去將來時：take形式為：was/were/goingto+take;would/should+take
1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語：thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.
3.基本結構：was/were/goingto+do;would/should+do.
九、將來完成時：take形式為：begoingto/will/shall+havetaken
1.概念：在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)
2.時間狀語：bythetimeof;bytheendof+時間短語(將來);bythetime+從句(將來)
3.基本結構：begoingto/will/shall+havedone
十、現(xiàn)在完成進行時:take形式為：have/has+been+taking
1.概念：在過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到說話為止
2.基本結構：have/has+been+doing
十一、過去將來完成時：take形式為：should/wouldhavetaken
基本構成形式：should/would+havedone
十二、將來進行時。：take形式為：shall/willbe+taking
基本夠成形式：shall/willbe+doing
十三、過去將來進行時：take形式為：should/wouldbe+taking
基本夠成形式：should/wouldbe+doing
十四、過去完成進行時：take形式為：hadbeen+taking
基本夠成形式：hadbeen+doing
十五、將來完成進行時：take形式為：shall/willhavebeen+taking
基本夠成形式：shall/willhavebeen+doing
十六、過去將來完成進行時：take形式為：should/wouldhavebeen+taking
基本夠成形式：should/wouldhavebeen+doing
一般現(xiàn)在時：常與always,often,sometimes, every day連用，表示習慣或經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。提醒你當?shù)谌朔Q單數(shù)做主語時，別忘了動詞的變化。注意：象"地球大，月亮小"等客觀真理、事實一定用一般現(xiàn)在時。
現(xiàn)在進行時：要注意其構成：由be+動詞+ing,表示說話時正在進行的動作。如：Were studying now. 我們現(xiàn)在正在學習。
一般過去時：表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示過去時間的狀語連用。注意：We often went to dance last summer.有的同學一見到often就想到用一般現(xiàn)在時，其實因為后面有表示過去時間的 last summer,所以要用過去式，千萬別誤用了，切記，切記。
過去進行時：顯然過去進行時表示過去某一時刻正在做什么，常和特定的時間狀語如at that time，at six yesterday，at that moment，when he came in等連用。如： When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking.
一般將來時：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來時間狀語如 next year,tomorrow等連用。注意：在Will you ....?問句中，回答必須是 Yes,I will.或 No,I wont而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shant.來回答過去將來時：過去將來時不可以單獨使用，它一般在賓語從句中作間接引語，表示從過去某一時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.
現(xiàn)在完成時：顧名思義，現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是已經(jīng)完成的動作，但動作造成的影響還在，常被just,already,yet 等副詞修飾。如：He has already gone to Tianjin. 對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是他已經(jīng)不在這兒了。現(xiàn)在完成時還可用來表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常帶有for或since等表示一段時間的狀語。如：Mr Wang
has lived here since 1983.表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，我們常用"過"來表示，常帶有twice, once, ever, never等時間狀語。如：Ive never seen that film.
過去完成時：我們可以用"過去的過去"來概括過去完成時，表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作，通常與by,before等構成的短語或when, before, after引導的從句連用。也可表示過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作，常和for或since構成的時間狀語連用。用法和現(xiàn)在完成時大致相同，只不過又向前推了一個時態(tài)。
初三英語時態(tài)練習題
一、用所給詞的適當形式填空：
1．He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)
2.It________you are right. ( seem )
3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play )
4.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen )
5.It is very cold .I think it______ . ( rain )
6. I need some paper . I______ some for you . ( bring )
7.I cant find my pen . Who______it ? ( take )
8.He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come )
9.I didnt meet him. He______ when I got there. ( leave )
10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose )
11.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )
12.He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat )
13.I______with you if I have time . ( go )
14.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be )
15.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week. (come)
16. When______you______the car ? In 1998 . ( buy )
17.We______good friends since we met at school . （be）
18.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do)
19.The bike is nice . How much______it______? (cost)
二、選擇最佳答案填空
（ ）1.Well go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow.
A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be
�。� ）2.It______five years since he has left for Beijing.
A. was B. has been C.is D.is going to be
�。� ）3.Please dont leave the office until your friend______back.
A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come
（ ）4.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words.
A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned
�。� ）5.Listen ! Someone______in the next room .
A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried
�。� ）6.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him.
A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing
（ ）7.He told me that he______to see us the next day.
A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come
�。� ）8.We cant find him anywhere . Perhaps he______home.
A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come
�。� ）9.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth.
A. is B. was C. has been D.will be
�。� ）10.Could you tell me where the railway station______?
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
�。� ）11.We______to the Great Wall several times.
A. go B. were going C. have gone D.have been
（ ）12.It seemed that the old man______for something over there.
A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked
�。� ）13.He was sure that he______his wallet in the office .
A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left
�。� ）14.You must study hard if you______ want to fail the exam.
A. wont B. dont C. havent D. hadnt
�。� ）15. Im afraid you cant sit here . Sorry , I______know.
A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didnt
�。� ）16. As she______the newspaper , Granny______asleep.
A. read , was falling B. was reading fell C. was reading , was falling D.read , fell
（ ）17. Jim is not coming tonight . But he______ !
A. promises（許諾） B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
�。� ）18. Whats her name? I______.
A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting
三、動詞時態(tài)能力綜合測試
�。� ）1.He often______his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash
�。� ）2.Im Chinese. Where______from?
A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming
�。� ）3.May______to school.
A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking
（ ）4.We will start as soon as our teacher______ .
A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming
�。� ）5.How long ago______playing football?
A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop
（ ）6.It______ hard when I left my house .
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain
�。� ）7.I think this question______to answer.
A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy
（ ）8. Dont talk so loudly . Your father______.
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept
�。� ）9.How many people does the doctor know who______of the disease (疾病)？
A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies
�。� ）10.I______my homework now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
�。� ）11.He______for three years.
A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army
（ ）12.His grandfather______for thirty years.
A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died
�。� ）13.I______ from my brother for a long time.
A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear
（ ）14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, ______always interested him.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
�。� ）15.Did your brother go to America last year? ______.
A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here
C. No , he never was there D. No , he has never been there
�。� ）16.He______ that factory since 1958.
A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to
�。� ）17.Our teacher______to Beijing three times.
A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been
�。� ）18.Last week John______his leg.
A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken
�。� ）19.Jack______his thick coat because it was snowing.
A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on
（ ）20.He______the picture on the wall.
A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged
�。� ）21.Next month______twenty five.
A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be
（ ）22.You______her again in a few weeks.
A. will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen
�。� ）23. By the end of last term we______English for two years.
A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D. had studied
�。� ）24.Mrs Brown______in New York for three years before she went to London.
A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. will live
�。� ）25.When we arrived , the dinner______.
A. already began B. has already begun C. had already begun D. was just begun
（ ）26.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I______ my exams.
A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished
�。� ）27.When______, Ill talk to him.
A. does Peter come B. Peter will come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come
（ ）28.My sister______to see me . Shell be here soon.
A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came
�。� ）29.They said they______our answer the next day .
A. had heard B. would hear of C. would hear D. will hear
�。� ）30.The old man said that light______faster than sound.
A. went B. will go C. travels D. will travel
動詞時態(tài)專項訓練參考答案
一、1. goes 2. seems 3. are playing 4. was listening 5.will rain 6. will bring
7. took 8. would come 9. has left 10.lost 11. sat 12. hasnt eaten 13. will go 14. is 15. comes 16. did buy 17. have been 18. were doing 19. does cost
二、1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A 16.A 17.B 18.A
三、1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. D 18.B 19. B 20. B 21. B 22.A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. C 30.
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